By JOHN IRISH, ELIZABETH PINEAU and HUMEYRA PAMUK Reuters
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PARIS/RIYADH — European leaders meeting in Paris on Monday for emergency talks called for higher spending to ramp up the continent’s defense capabilities but remained split on the idea of deploying peacekeepers to Ukraine to back up any peace deal.

The Paris meeting was called by French President Emmanuel Macron after U.S. leader Donald Trump arranged bilateral peace talks with Russia, excluding European allies and Ukraine from negotiations to end the war that are scheduled to begin in Saudi Arabia on Tuesday.

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European officials have been left stunned and flat-footed by the Trump administration’s moves on Ukraine, Russia and European defense in recent days, and must now confront the reality of a future with less U.S. protection.

The U.S. decision to go it alone with Russia has sparked a realization among European nations that they will have to do more to ensure Ukraine’s security.

British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, who ahead of the meeting said he was willing to send peacekeeping troops to Ukraine, on Monday evening said there must be a U.S. security commitment for European countries to put boots on the ground. He said it was too early to say how many British troops he would be willing to deploy.

A peacekeeping force would not only raise the risk of a direct confrontation with Russia, which launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, but also stretch European armies, whose arsenals have been depleted by supplying Ukraine and decades of relative peace.

There are also difficult questions about how some European nations, whose public finances are groaning, will pay for such expanded military commitments.

Starmer’s push for peacekeepers appeared to draw a dividing line between participants in Paris.

German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said there could be no peace deal without Ukraine’s consent, but said talk of a German peacekeeping mission in Ukraine was “highly inappropriate” without any peace deal in hand. Instead, he said European nations spending over 2% of their gross domestic product on defense should not be blocked by European Union budget rules.

Italy’s Giorgia Meloni said she, too, was against the peacekeeping plan, according to sources in her office.

“It was useful to discuss today the various hypotheses on the table. The one that foresees the deployment of European soldiers in Ukraine seems to me to be the most complex and perhaps the least effective, and on this too I voiced Italy’s doubts,” she said, according to the sources.

Denmark’s Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen said she was open to discussing troop deployments and that Europe must boost its support for Ukraine while ramping up domestic defense spending.

“Russia is threatening all of Europe now, unfortunately,” Frederiksen told reporters.

Scholz and Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk said the EU’s stringent fiscal rules should be loosened to allow more spending on defense without countries falling foul of the EU’s deficit rules.

Tusk said there was “confirmation … that defense spending will no longer be treated as excessive spending, so we will not be at risk of the excessive deficit procedure and all its unpleasant consequences.”

Ahead of U.S.-led negotiations to end the war, Russia has ruled out conceding territory, while Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy has dismissed the U.S.-Russia talks taking place without him.

Trump stunned Ukraine and European allies last week when he announced he had called Russian President Vladimir Putin, long ostracized by the West, to discuss ending the war without consulting them.

Senior U.S. and Russian officials will meet in Saudi Arabia on Tuesday. The highest-level in-person discussions between the nations in years are meant to precede a meeting between Trump and Putin.