With the world’s thousands of species of palms, folks might wonder which palm played the role of commemorating the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem at the beginning of Holy Week. Traditionally it is the Date Palm or Phoenix dactylifera. These palms have been important around the Mediterranean in the hot dry climates of North Africa, and the Near East since prehistoric times. They are famous for their succulent edible fruit with more than 1,000 varieties and are hardy palms that can be grown in warm temperate to tropical regions. All parts of the tree are used. Wine and sugar are made from the sap. Hats, mats and thatch are made from the leaves. In fact more than 800 uses have been counted. Date palms can live 200 years or more and reach 100 feet in height.
Close relatives such as Canary Island Date palm might even be grown as far north as coastal Oregon and Southern England. The edible Date Palm is extremely salt tolerant and will do well in Hawaii along windy beaches where coconut palms have trouble surviving. Unfortunately, it does not produce good quality fruit where humidity and rainfall are high. Still, it is highly ornamental for locations where most palms would not survive.
Christians all over the world celebrate Palm Sunday for it is said that Jesus rode into the city on a donkey while crowds spread their clothing and palm branches on the road before him. They shouted “Hosanna to the Son of David” and “Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord” to honor him as the long awaited Messiah and King. Many thought he had come to free them from the Romans and some believed he had come to set them free of their sins. He had come to fulfill the prophecy of Zechariah. The donkey was the symbol of peace and laying of palm leaves indicated the king was arriving in victory.
Today, Catholic countries all over the world celebrate the blessing of palms followed by a big procession to church and Mass. Of course the rest of Holy Week is based on serious drama that recognizes the crucifying and the resurrection of Jesus. The palm leaves are sometimes burned and the ash used on Ash Wednesday.
The prophet Mahomet (Muhammad) said to the Arabs, “Honor the date palm for it is your mother.”
There are more than 17 species of Phoenix, or date palms. The most common in Hawaii are the pygmy date palms or Phoenix roebellini, originally from Laos. Now they are found in gardens throughout the tropical and warm temperate world. Another specie, Phoenix sylvestris, is common growing wild along the north shore of Oahu. In its home of India, the fruit is not used but the sap is valuable for palm sugar, toddy and wine. Other species used in the landscape are Phoenix reclinata, a clumping form from East Africa, and Phoenix rupicola, with a single trunk and soft, arching leaves from India to Siam.
Most species are easily grown from seed, including the edible date. Next time you buy a container of dates, you can save the seed to grow your own trees. Simply soak the seed in water for a few days. Place them in a community pot with seeds slightly covered with potting soil. Keep the soil moist and warm. Within a few months you will have the first seed leaves emerge and you may then place each seedling in individual pots. Fertilize with a balanced liquid formula once a month.
Since date palms are initially slow growing, it might be a year or more before they are ready to plant in the garden. Be sure to give them plenty of room and remember that the leaves of most species are armed with thorns. The pygmy date palm is best for small gardens, but if you have room, many other species are hardy and tolerant of harsh conditions.
Since Easter is next Sunday, be sure to buy some Easter lilies to dress your home for the holidays. Next week’s garden column will give you tips on how to plant them in your garden and store the bulbs for next Easter as well.
This information is supplied by the University of Hawaii College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. For further information about gardening and landscaping, contact one of our master gardeners at 322-4892 in Kona or 981-5199 in Hilo.
